Gary Snyder′s Poetics of the Unconscious in The Back Country
Abstract: Gary Snyder is a well-acclaimed contemporary American poet. Substantial critical attention has been paid to his ecopoetics due to his epithet, the poet-laureate of deep ecology, and his poetics of the unconscious is largely ignored. The thesis explores his poetics of the unconscious manifested in his poetry collection, The Back Country, from a psychoanalytic perspective. The thesis approaches the collection respectively from the angles of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Jacques Lacan. The Back Country shows Snyder’s substantial understanding of the unconscious and it is a crucial force that shapes his poetics.
Keywords: Gary Snyder, The Back Country, the unconscious
加里·施耐德在巴克康特利的无意识诗学
摘 要 加里·施耐德是备受称颂的当代美国诗人，并被赞予名衔“生态学桂冠诗人”。因为这个名衔，文学批评家的注意力都集中到其生态诗学上，从而忽视了他的无意识诗学。本论文从精神分析学的角度研究施耐德的诗集《僻壤》，并通过弗洛伊德，荣格和拉康的无意识理论来剖析施耐德的无意识诗学。《僻壤》展示出施耐德对无意识理论的深层理解并且无意识理论是施耐德的诗学不可或缺的一部分。
关 键 词 加里·施耐德；《僻壤》；无意识
Contents
Abstract 1
摘 要 1
Introduction 2
1.1 Gary Snyder and The Back Country 2
1.2 Literature Review 3
1.3 Snyder’s Revelation of the Poetics of the Unconscious 3
1.4 Psychoanalysis as the theoretical Foundation 4
2 The personal Unconscious in The Back Country 5
2.1 The Power-Vision and Freud’s Models of the Human Psyche 6
2.2 Meditation and the Unconscious 7
2.3 Simplicity of Snyder’s poetic Language and the Dream-Work 9
2.3 The uncanny Feeling toward the Mother 11
3 The collective Unconscious in The Back Country 13
3.1 The archetypal Images in The Back Country 13
3.1.1 The archetypal Images of the Mother 13
3.1.2 The archetypal Images of the Trickster 15
3.1.3 Archetypal Images and Cultural Transmission 17
3.2 Snyder’s Comprehension of the collective Unconscious 18
3.2.1 Jung’s famous Dream 18
3.2.2 The rise of Poetry from the collective Unconscious 19
4 Snyder’s Poetics and Lacan’s Challenges 21
4.1 The Inadequacy of Language 21
4.1.1 Unspeakable Buddhist Experience 21
4.1.2 The Koan in Poetry as the Vehicle of Experience 22
4.2 The Making whole Force of the Poet and Poetry 23
4.2.1 Wholeness with Nature and Wholeness with the Unconscious 24
4.2.2 The Integration of Snyder’s Poems and Speakers 24
4.2.3 The Speaker as The “Other” 25
4.2.4 The Speaker as Snyder’s ideal Persona 26
5 Conclusion 27
Work Cited 29
Acknowledgements 30
