摘 要
本论文围绕英语习语中的隐喻现象展开，先介绍了隐喻的概念和习语的概念，比如隐喻的含义，从古至今，就有不同的人，不同的学派对此做过研究。至于隐喻和习语之间存在着怎么样的关系，许多学者也对此进行了研究。本文例举了几位比较有名的学者的研究，比如Lakoff和Gibbs这两位学者。本文的重点是介绍习语的隐喻特征，这部分是通过3个方面来论证的：本位隐喻，方位隐喻和结构隐喻。这三方面有其不同的特点，主要是以例子来说明。通过举例的方式可以让读者能更直接地了解英语习语中的隐喻现象。
关键词：习语；隐喻；派别
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on the metaphorical phenomenon in English idioms, firstly introducing the concepts of metaphor and idiom. Take the definition of metaphor for example, since the old times, many scholars of different schools have different ideas. In terms of relationship between metaphor and idiom, many scholars carried out their own studies. This paper cites the viewpoints of several famous scholars, like Laoff and Gibbs. This paper emphasizes the metaphorical features of idioms from the ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors and structural metaphors. These three kinds of metaphors have different characteristics, which are explained through examples. The way of citing examples enables the readers to get access to the metaphorical phenomenon in English idioms more directly.
Keywords：idioms; metaphor; schools
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. The concept of idioms and metaphors 3
2.1The concept of metaphors 3
2.1.1The definition of metaphors 3
2.1.2The classification of metaphors 4
2.2The concept of idioms 4
2.2.1The definition of idioms 4
2.2.2The features of idioms 5
3.Research on the relationship between metaphors and idioms 6
3.1Lakoff's study 6
3.2The Gibbs's study 7
3.3 Other scholars’ study 8
4.Metaphorical features of idioms 8
4.1Ontological metaphors and idioms 8
4.1.1Personification 9
4.1.2 The container metaphor 9
4.1.3.A case study of ontological metaphor 11
4.2Orientational metaphors and idioms 11
4.2.1 The analysis of metaphoric meaning about UP-DOWN 12
4.2.2 The analysis of metaphoric meaning about FRONT-BACK 13
4.2.3 A case study: idioms denoting the concept of love 14
4.3 Structural metaphor and idioms 15
4.3.1 The internal systematicity 15
4.3.2 The external systematicity among the different structural metaphors 16
4.3.3 A case study 18
5. Conclusion 19
6.Acknowledgements 20
7.References 21
