摘 要
亨利·大卫·梭罗是十九世纪美国超验主义作家，当代环境主义运动先行者。在他的代表作《瓦尔登湖》中，梭罗记录了他在瓦尔登湖与大自然亲密接触的两年中对自然和人类深刻的思考。本文着重对梭罗复杂的自然观进行分析，旨在发现其对正处于环境与精神危机的现代人的启示。最后得出结论：自然和人类的关系是和谐的；自然既是人类生活的家园，又是人类心灵的归宿。梭罗外表简朴但内心丰富的生活是现代人生活的典范。
关键词：自然观；超验主义；东方哲学思想；印第安文化
AB ABSTRACT
Henry David Thoreau is the 19th century American writer of transcendentalism and the pioneer of modern environmentalism. In his representative work Walden, Thoreau records his profound reflections on nature during his two-year communion with nature at Walden. The thesis focuses on the analysis of Thoreau's complicated view of nature, trying to find out its implications for modern people who are suffering from environmental and spiritual crises. In the end of the paper, a conclusion can be drawn that the relationship between nature and man is harmonious; nature is both our living people home and spiritual home. Thoreau has set a good example for modern outwardly simple and inwardly rich life.
Keywords：Natural view; Transcendentalism; Oriental philosophy; American Indian culture
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Background of Walden 2
2.1 Social background and values of Thoreau's age 2
2.2 Thoreau's life experience 3
3. Sources of Thoreau's thoughts 4
3.1 Ralph Waldo Emerson’s influence 4
3.2 Oriental philosophy 5
3.3 American Indian culture 6
4. The connotation of Thoreau’s view on nature 7
4.1 To value each living being 8
4.2 To return to harmony with nature 9
4.3 Life of simplicity and spirit of diversity 10
5. The influence of Thoreau’s view 12
5.1 The pioneer of ecological literature 12
5.2 Inspiration for spirit and environmental crisis 13
6．Conclusion 15
Acknowledgements 16
References 17
