从《夜色温柔》看20世纪初美国社会的道德观
摘要：弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国的著名作家，被称为“爵士时代”的代言人。他的作品准确的展现了20世纪初美国的社会状况：经济的繁荣和道德败坏。写于1934年的《夜色温柔》是菲茨杰拉德时代最伟大的文学性文献之一。菲茨杰拉德用他独特的文体揭示爵士时代的光环下面隐藏的道德空虚和虚伪，并从此奠定了他在美国文学史上的地位。他的作品带有现代主义的特征，其中象征手法的运用是最显著特色之一。很多评论家从不同的角度分析了《夜色温柔》，比如叙述角度，文章的结构等等。本文将分析小说中的四种象征：性格象征、事物象征、行为象征和场景象征。文章分为四个部分，第一部分是对作家弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德，他的作品，以及《夜色温柔》的相关评论的介绍。第二部分是关于文学中象征主义及象征主义的作用。第三部分析文章中的象征意义，有性格象征、事物象征、行为象征和场景象征。第四部分是关于象征手法在《夜色温柔》中的作用。
关键词：菲茨杰拉德；《夜色温柔》；象征
Perceiving the Moral Values of the American Society
in the Early Twenties Century
in Tender Is the Night
Abstract
F. Scott Fitzgerald, the famous American novelist in the 20th century, is known as the spokesman of the “Jazz Age” America, whose works give us an accurate picture of the atmosphere of the American twenties: the prosperity of economy and the moral absence. Tender Is the Night, published in 1934, is one of the greatest literary documents of Fitzgerald’s period. The exploration of moral emptiness and hypocrisy beneath the Jazz Age, together with the stylistic brilliance of the novel ensures Fitzgerald’s position in American Literature. His novel bears some features of modernism, among which symbolism is the most remarkable. Critics have analyzed the novel through different perspectives, such as the narrative point of view, the structure of the novel, etc. We will analyze four types of symbols in the novel: character symbols, object symbols, action symbols and scenery symbols. It consists of four parts. The first part introduces the writer, his works and some criticisms on Tender Is the Night. The second part concerns symbolism in literature and the functions of symbolism. The third part analyzes the symbols in the novel. The conclusion comments on the function of symbolism in Tender Is the Night.
Key words: Fitzgerald; Tender Is the Night; symbol
Contents
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………ii
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….iii
Introduction………………………………………………………………….1
I. Symbolism…………………………………………………………………….4
A. Symbol……………………………………………………………………4
B. Symbolism in Literature………………………………………………….4
C. The Significance of Symbolism in Literary Criticism………………….5
II. Symbols in Tender Is the Night.7
A. Characters……………………………………………………………….7
1. Dick Diver—the Disillusion of the American Dream……………….7
2. Nicole—the Inconstancy of Human Relationships in the Upper Class……8
B. Objects…………………………………………………………………8
1. The Sexual Relationships…………………………………………….8
2. The Colors…………………………………………………………10
C. Actions…………………………………………………………………10
1. Violence…………………………………………………………….11
2. Programs—Religious Actions Performed by Dick Diver………….11
D. Scenes………………………………………………………………….12
1. The Beach and the Garden…………………………………………12
2. Moonlight and the Title “Tender Is the Night”……………………13
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….14
Notes…………………………………………………………………………………….16
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………18
