摘 要
欧内斯特·海明威是现代文学巨匠。他把其自身独特的悲剧人生故事和富有传奇色彩的人生体验融入他的艺术创造中，创造出了海明威式的英雄，人们称之为“准则英雄”。基于“准则英雄”在海明威作品中的地位，以及悲剧意识在海明威作品中的体现，本论文以悲剧色彩为出发点，从人与自然的抗争、人与社会的较量、人与自我精神的对抗三个方面来对英雄形象的悲剧色彩进行研究。第一部分简要介绍了海明威其人其作，以及他的主要创造特色之一——“准则英雄”的塑造。第二部分介绍了悲剧色彩并分析了“准则英雄”的基本素质。同时，从海明威的生死观角度评述了“准则英雄”的基本内涵。第三部分分析了海明威三部小说中“准则英雄”的悲剧色彩。《老人与海》讲述了人与自然拼搏的悲剧；《永别了，武器》展示了人在巨大社会灾祸面前的悲惨处境和悲剧性的结局，确证了人在强大残酷的社会面前无望而苍凉；《乞力马扎罗的雪》是揭示人性脆弱的最好篇章，确证了人性的复杂多样。第四部分论述“准则英雄”形象对美国文学的影响和它的局限性。结语总结了海明威笔下的“准则英雄”都经历着痛苦并且以悲剧收场，但是英雄们在斗争中表现出来的精神品质，对现代人战胜生存困境依然有着重要的意义。
关键词：海明威；准则英雄；悲剧色彩
ABSTRACT
Ernest Hemingway is a giant of modern literature. His unique life story has been an important part of his creation, from which a unique tragic hero of Hemingway has been created, also called “Code Hero”. In view of the importance of “Code Hero” and the tragic theme in Hemingway’s works, this thesis intends to make a detailed study of it. This paper tries to study the tragic color of Hemingway’s Code Hero from the three aspects of human-and-nature resistance, human-and-society competition; human’s self-confrontation. The first part gives a general introduction of Hemingway and his works and his Code Hero. The second part deals with the tragic color and the basic characteristics of Code Hero. Meanwhile, it analyses the characteristics of Code Hero from Hemingway’s point of view of life and death. The third part analyses the tragic color of Code Hero of Hemingway’s three novels. In The Old Man and the Sea, we can see the tragedy of man-and-nature struggle. It confirms that the power of nature is overwhelming. Human beings can not challenge the nature. A Farewell to Arms delicates the great social scourge in the face of the tragic situation and the tragic outcome. It confirms that human beings are hopeless when facing the vicious society. The Snows in Kilimanjaro is the best chapter to reveal human vulnerability. It confirms the complex diversity of humanity. The fourth part deals with the significance and limitations of Code Hero. The conclusion states that Code Heroes all suffer the pains and have tragic endings. However, the spirit they demonstrate plays an important role to modern men in their confrontation with difficulties.
Key words：Earnest Hemingway; Code Hero; tragic color
Contents
1．Introduction 1
2. Tragic color and Code Hero 2
2.1 Tragic color 2
2.2 The basic characteristics of Code Hero 3
3. The tragic theme of Code Hero in Hemingway’s novels 4
3.1 The natural tragedy in The Old Man and the Sea 4
3.2 The social tragedy in A Farewell to Arms 5
3.3 The spiritual tragedy in The Snows of Kilimanjora 7
4. The significance and limitations of Code Hero 9
4.1 The significance of Code Hero in American literature 9
4.2 The limitations of Code Hero 10
5．Conclusion 11
Acknowledgements 12
References 13
