摘 要
悲剧是最古老也是最常见的一种戏剧题材。长期以来，悲剧的主人公都为帝王或出身高贵的上流阶层。但是美国剧作家阿瑟·米勒的《推销员之死》打破了这一传统，大胆地将触角伸向普通的劳动人民。米勒凭借自己多年的经验与非凡的洞察力，提出了自己独特的现代悲剧观，他打破了传统悲剧的僵化模式，更加实用地继承与发展了悲剧形式。小说的悲剧主人公威利·洛曼多年来一直是文学评论的焦点。本文首先分析小说悲剧的主要体现，即男主人公的悲剧命运；然后从内因、外因以及米勒悲剧观这三个角度来探讨其悲剧命运的成因，以助读者更加深刻、全面地了解这部作品。
关键词：悲剧；《推销员之死》；威利·洛曼
ABSTRACT
Tragedy is one of the oldest and most common forms of drama. For a long time, it had been an accepted rule that the tragic hero must be the kings, nobles or protagonists with high rank. However, Arthur Miller boldly extends his reach to ordinary working people. Miller states his unique view of tragedy, which both inherits and develops the theory of traditional tragedy. Typically, Miller’s tragic view is presented in his masterpieces-Death of a Salesman. The tragic hero Willy Loman in the novel has long been the focus of literary criticism. This paper first analyzes the embodiment of the tragedy in Death of a Salesman: the tragic fate of the hero, then explores the causes of his tragic fate in three aspects: the internal and external causes, and Miller’s tragedy theory. In this way, this paper tries to help the readers to have a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the play.
Key words：tragedy; Death of a Salesman; Willy Loman
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Embodiments of the tragic fate of the hero 2
3. The causes of the tragic fate of the hero 3
3.1 The internal causes 4
3.2 The external causes 6
3.3 Miller’s tragic view in Death of a Salesman 9
4. The practical significance of Death of a Salesman 10
5. Conclusion 12
Acknowledgements 13
References 14
