a study on the causes of Shylock’s tragedy
摘 要
夏洛克，一个悲剧性的人物形象，在剧中扮演者犹太人，高利贷者，一个父亲的角色。他想为他的民族与基督徒争斗，但是最后却一败涂地。社会因素在很大程度上影响着夏洛克的命运，如宗教、民族等方面的因素。另外，作者威廉•莎士比亚的个人因素对夏洛克的悲剧也起着相当大的作用。莎士比亚通过夏洛克这一悲剧形象，抒发他自身宗教，政治思想以及他的人文主义思想。
关键词：研究；夏洛克；悲剧；社会因素；创作因素
ABSTRACT
Shylock, a tragic image, is a money lender, Jew, and also a father of a daughter in the play. He intends to fight against Christians for his race. However, he fails with nothing left. It is the social factors that play an important part in his tragedy, such as religious factor, racial factor, and so on and so forth. Besides, the personal factors of the author, William Shakespeare, have a great influence on the result of Shylock’s fate. That is to say, Shakespeare makes Shylock a tragic character to release his own religious, humanistic and political thoughts.
Keywords：study; shylock; tragedy; social factors; factors of the author
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Researches on Shylock and His Fate 2
2.1 The Variety of Shylock’ Image 2
2.2 The Tragedy of Shylock 3
3. Social Factors of Shylock’s Tragedy 4
3.1 Religious Factors of Shylock’s Tragedy 4
3.1.1 The Origin of Judaism 4
3.1.2 The Relationship between Judaism and Christianity 5
3.2 Racial Factors of Shylock’s Tragedy 6
3.2.1 The Trait of Jew 6
3.2.2 The Jews on The Edge 7
3.2.2.1 Discrimination from Perspective of Law 7
3.2.2.2 Discrimination from Perspective of Economy 8
4. Influence of Shakespeare’s Personal Reasons on Shylock’s Tragedy 10
4.1 Influence of Shakespeare’s Thought of Humanism on Shylock’s Tragedy 10
4.2 Influence of Shakespeare’s Religious Thought on Shylock’s Tragedy 11
4.3 Influence of Shakespeare’s Political Thought on Shylock’s Tragedy 12
5. Conclusion 14
Acknowledgements 15
References 16
