英汉数字词语认知比较研究

英汉数字词语认知比较研究

摘要：本文首先探讨了文化的定义、语言和文化的关系以及数字和文化内涵。接着本文对在四个方面对英汉数字词语作了认知比较研究：隐喻、表现方式和表达含义及在翻译中出现的词汇空缺现象，并讨论了与这四个方面相关的文化内涵和民族文化心理。通过上述比较，本文认为英汉语在数字词语使用上有两个相似点和两处差异。另外，鉴于翻译在跨文化交流中的重要性，本文提出了三种有效的关于数字词语的翻译策略。

关键词：数字词语；文化内涵；民族文化心理

目  录

Abstract iv

摘要 iv

Outline v

提纲 vi

1. Introduction 1

2. Language and Culture 1

2.1 Relationship of language and culture 1

2.2 Chinese and English languages with their Respective Cultures 2

3. Numbers and Cultural Connotations 2

3.1 Basic Elements of Numbers 2

3.2 Cultural Connotations of Numbers Related to Custom 2

3.3 Cultural Connotations of Numbers Related to Mythology 3

3.4 Cultural Connotations of Numbers Related to Religions 4

4. Comparison on Chinese and English Numerical Words 5

4.1 Comparison on national cultural psychologies in the usage of Chinese and English Numerical Words 5

4.2 Comparison on Metaphor of Chinese and English Numerical Words 6

4.2.1 Metaphor Similarity of Chinese and English Numerical Words 7

4.2.2 Metaphor Difference of Chinese and English Numerical Words 8

4.3 Comparison on Expressive Meaning of Chinese and English Numerical Words 9

4.3.1 Explicit meaning of Chinese and English Numerical Words 9

4.3.2 Implicit meaning of Chinese and English Numerical Words 9

4.4 Comparison on Lexical Gap in the Process of Translation 10

4.4.1 Lexical Gap in the English Culture in the process of translating Chinese into English 12

4.4.2 Lexical Gap in the Chinese Culture in the process of translating English into Chinese 13

5. Conclusion 13

Works Cited 15

Cognitive Comparison and Study on English and Chinese Numerical Words

Abstract: This paper first explores the definition of culture, relationship of language and culture, and numbers and cultural connotations. It then makes a cognitive comparison and study on English and Chinese numerical words in the aspect of metaphor, expression method, expressive meaning and lexical gap in the process of translation and describes the relative cultural connotations and the national cultural psychologies. Due to these comparisons, this paper holds the opinion that English and Chinese have two similarities and two differences in the use of numerical words. In addition, because of the importance of translation in cross-cultural communications, we put forward three specific translation strategies for the usage of numerical words.

Key words: numerical words; cultural connotations; national cultural psychologies