目录
引言············ ················································2
一，中西关于违约金的起源及主要大陆法系国家关于违约金
的有关规范的目的类型···················· ··············3
(一)罗马法、古代中国关于违约金的有关规定················································3
（二）重要大陆法系国家（法国、德国）关于违约金的规范目的类型··············4
二、违约金的职能、性质如何去定论··························································7
（一）违约金的职能····························· ···················7
（二）违约金的性质····························· ····················9三、我国的民法合同法关于违约金的特征及构成的成立要件的规定······· ···········································13
（一）违约金的特征··································· ········13
（二）违约金责任成立要件·························· ·········14
四、我国违约金制度设计上存在的缺陷及解决的建议·······························19
结论························ ································20
参考文献·················· ·····························20
论 违 约 金
引言
违约金，又称违约罚款。是由当事人约定的或法律直接规定的，在一方当事人履行合同时向另一方当事人支付一定数额的金钱，也可以表现为一定价值的财物。《中华人民共和国合同法》第114条规定：“当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加；约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少。当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的，违约方支付违约金后，还应当履行债务。”在古罗马、古代中国都有关于违约金的相关记载，可以认为是违约金制度的起源。在现代法中，关于违约金的规范目的、性质、职能都存在一定的争议，我国法律在违约金方面的规定相对来说比较简单，难免会出现令人疑惑的地方。那么关于我国的违约金性质、职能如何去定性？我国的违约金制度又存在那些缺陷？应该如何去解决？下面将对以上几个所提出的问题进行论述，以便有深刻认识。
