摘 要
《威尼斯商人》是莎翁早期的喜剧作品，并因其塑造的贪婪残忍的商人形象夏洛克而堪称经典。夏洛克被认为是一个站在正义对立面的小丑。他心胸狭隘、吝啬、自私，是传统意义上的反面人物。本文首先介绍”二元对立论”和”解构主义”理论的特点以及他们在文学批评上的应用；然后结合《威尼斯商人》中的选段，分别从两种理论角度来分析夏洛克的形象；并从三个方面即故事发生的社会背景，夏洛克的自身性格因素和莎士比亚的创作观分析，探索夏洛克多面性格的原因。本文旨在解构单一负面的夏洛克形象，展现其能言善辩、机智、热爱家庭的另一面，从而在读者心中重建一个更加丰满生动的夏洛克。
关键词：二元对立；解构；夏洛克；重建；形象分析
ABSTRACT
The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s early comedies which is famous for the successful moulding of a greedy and cruel merchant. Shylock has always been viewed as a clown standing on the opposite side of justice. Mean, selfish and narrow-minded, he is consequently the stereotype of negative characters. The paper first introduces two theories “Binary Opposition” and Deconstruction and their application in literary criticism; then it analyses Shylock’s image from the perspective of two theories respectively, combined with selections from The Merchant of Venice. After that it explores the reasons of Shylock’s multifaceted character from social background, Shylock’s personality and Shakespeare’s views of writing. The paper aims to deconstruct the unitary negative Shylock, display his another side of being eloquent, intelligent and family-caring, and finally reconstruct a more full and vivid Shylock in readers’ mind.
Key words：Binary Opposition; Deconstruction; Shylock; Reconstruction; Image analysis
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Review of “Binary Opposition” and Deconstruction 2
2.1 Theory of “Binary Opposition” 2
2.2 Theory of Deconstruction 2
3. Analysis of Shylock’s image from the perspective of two theories 3
3.1 Stereotyped unitary Shylock in terms of “Binary Opposition” 4
3.2 Complex multifaceted Shylock in terms of Deconstruction 6
4. The factors influencing the formation of Shylock’s image 9
4.1 Social background in Shylock’s age 9
4.2 Shylock’s personality 10
4.3 Shakespeare’s views of creation 11
5. Conclusion 12
Acknowledgements 13
References 14
