摘 要
简·奥斯丁是十九世纪英国文学史上最著名的现实主义作家之一，在她短暂的一生中，共创作了六部长篇小说：《理智与情感》（1811）、《傲慢与偏见》（1813）、《曼斯费尔德庄园》（1814）、《爱玛》（1815）、《诺桑觉寺》（1818）和《劝导》（1818）。她的小说主要讲述的是当时英国中产阶级绅士与淑女之间的爱情和婚姻关系。本文首先以奥斯丁的《爱玛》为例，集中剖析这部小说中的四对婚姻以及通过它们揭示出的功利主义婚姻观、门当户对婚姻观和浪漫主义婚姻观，并将深入分析产生这种婚姻观的社会经济原因。本文也将分析奥斯丁对当时父权制社会爱情和婚姻的看法。然后，结合现代社会婚姻变得更加自由的特点以及人们对金钱与爱情在择偶及婚后生活中态度的改变，比较两个不同社会的婚姻观的异同点，使读者能对现代社会的爱情和婚姻有更多的思考和启示。
关键词：《爱玛》；爱情；中产阶级；功利主义婚姻观；父权制；现代婚姻观
ABSTRACT
Jane Austen (1775 – 1817) was one of the greatest nineteenth century British women writers. Through her short life, she created six novels, including Sense and Sensibility (1811); Pride and Prejudice (1813); Mansfield Park (1814); Emma (1815); Northanger Abbey (1818) and Persuasion (1818). Austen’s novels mainly depict the love and marriages of gentlemen and ladies of the bourgeoisie. At first, this thesis takes Austen’s Emma as an example to mainly analyze the four marriages in the novel and the utilitarianism marriage, equal marriage and romanticism marriage revealed by the four marriages. This thesis will still analyze deeply the social and economic causes of such views of marriage. This thesis will also analyze Austen’s attitude to these views of marriage of that patriarchy society. Then, combine the characteristics of contemporary marriages which have become freer and the people’s attitude to the money and love in choosing a mate and marriage life which has changed; compare the similarities and differences between the two different societies so as to give the readers more thinking and revelation about marriage.
Key words：Emma; love; bourgeoisie; utilitarianism marriage; patriarchy; contemporary marriage
Contents
1．Introduction 1
2. The View of Marriages Revealed in Emma 3
2.1 Equalism Marriage 4
2.2 Utilitarianism Marriage 5
2.3 Romanticism Marriage 5
3. The Causes of Different Views of Marriage 7
3.1 The Influence of Bourgeoisie 7
3.2 The Influence of Patriarchy 7
3.3 The Influence of Romanticism 8
3.4 Austen’s Attitude to the Essence of Marriage 9
4. Comparison with the Contemporary Marriages 11
4.1 Features of Contemporary Marriages 11
4.2The Similarities and Differences of Marriages between the Two Different Societies 12
4.3 The Enlightenment on Contemporary Marriages 12
5．Conclusion 14
Acknowledgements 15
References 16
