Abstract
Ernest Hemingway, a modern novelist, was the sixth winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in American literary history, due to his mastery of the art of modern narration. Hemingway has exerted a strong influence on both American and world literature. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway’s first yet the most profound novel. Portrays the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation, who are caught in war and cut off from old values yet unable to come to terms with the new era. Hemingway manages to achieve a vitriolic, yet manifestly impartial portrait of the colony of expatriates in Europe. However its aim is to build up a new way of life: disciplining and controlling oneself to exercise grace under pressure. The novel displays a cold twilight of beauty while describing the characters’ action.
During his writing career, Hemingway strictly adheres to the iceberg principle, whether consciously or not. This literary technique is crucial to the understanding and appreciation his works. The Sun Also Rises is a good illustration. The iceberg principle is applied to every aspect of the novel: the theme, the structure, the style, as well as the descriptive details. This thesis approaches the theme through analyzing the background of the novel and the characters’ mental development, exploring what is submerged in the novel. Form is subject to content. Hemingway innovates so much in structure, style and language to better demonstrate the theme. The Sun Also Rises breaks through the tradition of American literature, remains one of the genuine classics of modern American fiction and an outstanding contribution Hemingway has made to world literature.
Key words: the iceberg principle, theme, structure, style, image
摘要
厄内斯特·海明威是美国现代文学史上重要的作家之一。因其精通现代叙事艺术，而成为第六个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家。海明威的影响不仅局限于美国，同时，他也是一位在国际文坛上享有重要地位的作家。《太阳照样升起》是海明威的第一部也是具有深刻寓意的长篇小说。这部小说描写了经历了第一次世界大战后流落在巴黎的英美知识分子，他们的理想破灭，精神空虚。但他们中的优秀代表并没有迷失，小说的思想内容是积极的，为战后迷惘一代指明前进方向。人必须勇敢地面对现实，建立自己的价值观念，在厄运的重压下表现勇气和优雅的胜者风度。海明威通过对小说主人公所见所闻及思想感情的描述，展示出了一种动人的冷静苍凉之美。
在其写作生涯中，海明威始终遵循着“冰山”理论。这种以少胜多的理论对于理解和赏析海明威的作品是至关重要的。在《太阳照样升起》中海明威完美运用冰山原则于该部小说的主题、结构、风格及叙述过程中。本论文一方面通过分析作品的时代背景及主人公的性格发展，发掘水面下八分之七的冰山里所蕴含的深刻思想，从不同侧面理解主题。此外，海明威为更好地表现小说的主题，在结构、文体、语一言技巧等方面大胆创新。小说《太阳照样升起》给现代美国小说带来了新的突破，成为美国现代小说的经典之作，也是海明威对世界文学宝库做出的卓越的贡献。
关键词： 冰山原则，主题，结构，风格, 意象
Contents
Abstract in English
Abstract in Chinese
Preface 1
1. Introduction 2
1.1 A Brief Introduction to Hemingway 2
1.2 A Brief Introduction to The Sun Also Rises 3
2. Explanation of Hemingway’s Iceberg Principle 4
3. Analysis of Artistic Characteristics in The Sun Also Rises 6
3.1 The Surface Structure 6
3.2 The Deep Structure 6
3.3 The Harmonious Unity of the Theme and Structure 7
3.4 Style and Image 8
3.4.1 Style 8
3.4.2 Image 10
4. Conclusion 11
References 13
Acknowledgements 14
