摘 要
《老人与海》是体现“冰山风格”的典范之作,通过漂浮在水面之上“八分之一”的冰山一角, 引领读者可以强烈地感受到蕴藏在水面之下“八分之七”的巨大象征空间。小说描绘的不仅仅是平凡生活, 而且更是象征着生命本身, 这小小的冰山一角使我们深刻地领悟到水面之下“八分之七”的真谛。
论文通过对这部《老人与海》中冰山风格的分析，阐述了海明威的人生哲学和生活观，在残酷的社会现实和命运之中，人应该勇敢地面对一切痛苦和磨难，并同一切痛苦和磨难进行斗争，热爱生活，珍惜生命。小说实质上也揭露了现实世界的残酷无情，讽刺批判了日益腐败的美国社会现实，促使人们严肃思考自身的生存环境，并为建立新的存在方式不懈努力和抗争。
关键词：冰山理论；海明威；象征主义
ABSTRACT
The Old Man and the Sea is a classic text of iceberg style. The one-eighth of the iceberg above the water leads us to the huge symbolic dimension which is the rest seven-eighths under the sea. The text not only portraits the life of this mundane world, but also shows the symbolic meanings of life itself. This tiny tip of the iceberg can make us deeply understand the substantial meanings of the seven-eighths.
This thesis intends to reach a thorough understanding of Hemingway's philosophy of life through the novel The Old Man and the Sea: when facing the cruel social reality and miserable fate, man should be brave and struggle with all the pains and sufferings, loving life and treasuring life. The novel actually discloses and criticizes seriously the cruelty and ruthlessness of American society. It calls for people to struggle against the dark world, and to set up a new life style. This is the social significance of the novel.
Key words：iceberg style; Hemingway; symbolism
Contents
1．Introduction 1
2. Background Information 2
2.1 Social and Cultural Background 2
2.1.1 American society of that time 2
2.1.2 Literary trends of that time 2
2.2 Hemingway’s biographical introduction 3
3. Specific application of iceberg style 4
3.1 Summary of the story 4
3.2 Hemingway’s philosophy of life reflected by the novel 4
3.2.1 Reflected by the old man 4
3.2.2 Reflected by the settings of the novel 5
3.3 Expression of symbolism 5
3.3.1 Santiago 5
3.3.2 Sea 6
3.3.3 Marlin 6
3.3.4 Shark 7
3.3.5 Manolin 7
3.3.6 Lion 7
3.4 Social significance of the novel 7
4. Conclusion 8
Acknowledgements 9
References 10
