归化还是异化？——翻译理论中的难题
摘 要
翻译的理论中，有很多的策略和方法。其中，归化译法和异化译法乃最广为采用的方法之一。选择归化还是异化，一直都是译界一个热议的话题。译者们各持己见，有的喜欢归化，有的则热衷异化。也许最好的翻译策略是先异化，后归化。因为异化译法有助于保持文化的个性，丰富双方的文化内涵。语言是文化的载体。翻译的真意就是通过语言间的转化，理解和学习外国文化。归化译法一直主导20世纪的翻译界，而21世纪，乃是异化译法的天下！在这篇论文中，列举了许多关于菜单，文学作品，习语和广告的异化译本，以供大家了解异化译法。虽然我们应该尽量的采用异化译法，但是有时候误解还是难以避免的。此时，归化译法正好派上用场。其实，这两种翻译策略是互补不足，相辅相成的重要翻译策略。
关键字：翻译理论 归化译法 异化译法
Domestication or Foreignization?A Dilemma in Translation Theory
ABSTRACT
In the theory of translation, there are many strategies and methods, among which, domestication and foreignization are the most frequently used ones. Choosing domestication or foreignization is a heated topic in the field of translation, about which many translators are fond of arguing. They hold their own opinions about these two strategies, some of whom choose foreignization and some advocate domestication. Perhaps the best strategy is to take foreignization first, and then domestication, because foreignization is in line with cultural differences between Chinese and English, and the exchange of the different cultural elements could enrich each other. Language is the carrier of culture. The essence of translation is to understand and study the foreign culture through the translation of foreign language. “Domestication Strategy” was preferred in the 20th century, but the history will come to “Foreignization Strategy”. In this paper, examples are given on the translation of menus、literary works、allusions and idioms and advertisements to support this idea. We should apply foreignization as much as possible, but sometimes it will cause misunderstanding. At that time, we need domestication. Applying foreignization doesn’t mean abandoning domestication. These two methods are both useful and important. They come forward side by side and compensate each other.
Key words: translation theory domestication foreignization
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT I
摘要 II
1. Introduction 1
2. Translation Theory 2
2.1 Newmark 2
2.2 Shiyab 2
2.3 Toury 3
3. Domestication and Foreignization 5
4. Foreignization First, Domestication Second 7
4.1 Advantages of Foreignization 8
4.2 Foreignizing of Chinese Menus 8
4.2.1 Literal Translation plus Explanation 8
4.2.2 Zero Translation or Zero Translation plus Note 9
4.3 Foreignizing Translation of Literary Works 9
4.3.1 Foreignizing Translation of the Titles 9
4.3.2 Foreignizing Translation of People Names in the Literary Works 10
4.4 Foreignizing Translation of Allusions and Idioms 11
4.5 Foreignizing Translation of Advertisements 12
4.6 Domestication as an Aid 13
4.7 The Purpose and Significance of Foreignization 13
5. Conclusion 15
References 16
Acknowledgements 17
