数控机床电气故障分析与维修维护

摘  要

随着现在机械零件精度要求的大幅提高以及国外机械精加工对我国机械制造业的影响，传统型的机床已经无法满足现代制造业的精度要求。而数控机床的产生与普及无疑给世界机械制造业带来空前性的革新，其加工精度、效率、复杂曲面加工等等，是传统机床所无法比拟的。我国数控起步较晚，与德国、美国等发达国家相比差了几十年，现在国内数控仍然没有完全自主知识产权，高档数控系统基本依赖进口。我国在数控维修调试方面更是人才短缺，经验匮乏，导致国内许多高档数控机床都要聘请国外专家维修调试。本人有幸进入机床厂家，工作七年，接触了国内外众多数控机床及系统，如西门子、发那科、华中，凯恩帝等等。

本文从具体实践出发，涵盖系统、驱动、电机、电路等内容。在第一章节中，顺带介绍了数控设备的特征以及其发展趋势。第二、第三章节是本文的重点所在，在分析系统与驱动故障之前都是从原理着手，适当插入图表，看起来也更为直观，并且将故障全部归类，其中系统部分归为5大类，驱动部分归为11类，然后逐步展开细分，加以阐述。驱动部分以伺服驱动为代表，因为目前数控机床在配置驱动时都以伺服为主，步进驱动由于精度低的缺点而趋于淘汰。第四章节简单叙述了驱动系统的一般维护。本论文内容在结合理论知识的同时更注重平时经验积累，故障分析通俗易懂，可作为数控操作、维修、调试的参考资料。

关键词：数控系统，伺服驱动，步进驱动，故障分析排除

 

 

Abstract

With the fact that the wide impact of rise and abroad machinery finish machining over our country machinery manufacturing industry , tradition type machine tool that machinery parts accuracy demands now already have no way to satisfy modern manufacturing industry's, accuracy demands. Numerical control machine tool creation brings unparalleled innovation to unparalleled innovation world machinery manufacturing industry but beyond doubt with popularizing , whose treating accuracy , efficiency , complicated curved surface treating etc., is that are what the tradition machine tool has no way to comparison. Our country numerical control starting has been later , has been several tens years less compared with the developed countries such as Germany , USA, still not complete independent intellectual property right of in the homeland numerical control now, top grade numerical control system is dependent on entrance basically.

   That our country maintains debugging aspect in numerical control is that talented person shortage , experience are deficient more , leads to a lot of top grade of in the homeland numerical control machine tool need to engage abroad expert keeping a debugging in repair. I am lucky to enter the machine tool manufacturer , the job having contacted a lot of home and abroad numerical control machine tool and system for 7 years,if Siemens, sends out that section , central China , Jien emperor etc.The main body of a book set off from concrete practice , contain content such as system , drive , electric motor , circuit completely, experience accumulation , fault analysis may be numerical control operation, be maintained , the reference data debugging in popular and easy-to-understand language in attaching importance to ordinary time more combining with theory knowledge simultaneous.

Keywords: Numerical control system , the servo drive , step-by-step drives , fault analysis removes