内容摘要
1933年3月10日，国民政府财政部发布《废两改元令》，规定所有公私款项收付、契约票据及一切交易、一律改用银币，不得再用银两，中国币制开始废用银两，改用银元。中国近现代史上，政府实行“物资本位”制度，即纸币发行以物资作为准备金，货币和物资挂钩，通过物资的买卖维持币值稳定。国民政府发行的纸币，经历了“银本位制”“外汇本位制”“金银本位制”数次变革，其以外汇、黄金作为准备金，将币值和金银、外汇相挂钩。这两种货币制度，不仅特点各异，而且结果一成一败，对于两个政权的控制区域，也造成了截然相反的结果。
关键字：废两改元 国统区 解放区 货币制度
目 录
绪论·························································· 4
一、国统区和解放区差异的货币制度······························· 5
（一）国统区的货币制度········································· 5
1、法币制度的确立········································· 5
2、法币制度的崩溃和失败的“币制改革”······················ 6
（二）解放区的货币制度······································ 7
1、解放区的纸币发行状况··································· 7
2、纸币与实物挂钩的“物资本位“制度······················· 7
二、 二者货币制度的不同造成的通货膨胀的不同结果 ·············· 9
（一） 国统区纸币制度下通货膨胀概况························ 9
1、1946年通胀的加速····································· 9
2、1948年11月后通货膨胀的失控和经济崩溃 ················10
3、国统区通货膨胀的影响·································· 10
（二）解放区“物资本位”制度下的通货膨胀 ··················· 12
1、解放区温和的通货膨胀·································· 12
2、解放区通货膨胀的结果和影响···························· 12
三、二者差异的启示··········································· 13
（一）两种非常态货币制度的优劣比较························· 13
1、解放区“物资本位”制度的比较优势······················ 13
2、国统区货币制度的弊端···································14
（二）在通胀中货币的本质和职能的体现························14
1、在通货膨胀状况下货币职能的退化·························14
2、通胀中货币本质的体现——购买力·························14
（三）对于现代国家货币制度建设的启示······················ 14
1、“物资本位”制度对于现代国家货币制度的启示··············14
2、控制好货币量是稳定货币制度的重要途径之一·············· 14
结语··························································15
参考文献······················································17
致谢··························································18
