目 录
一、通货膨胀的含义····························································2
（一）通货膨胀的含义 ······················································2
（二）通货膨胀的种类 ······················································2
1.按通货膨胀的严重程度分 ··············································2
2.按市场机制的运行情况分 ··············································2
3.按是否预期分 ························································3
4.按照通货膨胀的成因分 ················································3
二、通货膨胀的成因····························································3
（一）需求拉动说 ·························································3
（二）成本推动说··························································3
（三）结构型通货膨胀理论··················································4
1.经济部门结构························································4
2.供需结构····························································4
（四）、美国、前苏联及德国艾玛共和国的通货膨胀案例··························4
三、通货膨胀的影响····························································5
（一）通货膨胀对收入分配的影响············································5
1.通货膨胀会对工薪阶层产生影响········································5
2.通货膨胀使得以利润为收入者受益 ·····································6
3.通货膨胀使得以利息和租金为收入的人受到损害 ·························6
4.通货膨胀使得退休人员损失最大 ·······································6
（二）通货膨胀对财富分配的影响 ···········································6
（三）通货膨胀对就业和产量的影响 ·········································6
四、通货膨胀的治理····························································7
（一）需求政策 ···························································7
1.紧缩的货币政策 ·····················································7
2.紧缩的财政政策 ·····················································8
（二）供应政策 ···························································8
1.削减政府开支，以降低总需求 ·········································9
2.降低所得税税率，并提高机器设备的折旧率，促进生产，刺激投资，增加供应···· 9
3.限制货币量的增长率，压缩总需求 ·····································9
（三）收入政策 ···························································9
1.强制性的工资——价格管制 ···········································9
2.自愿的工资——价格指导线 ···········································9
3.以税收为手段的收入政策 ·············································10
（四）指数化政策 ························································10
1.利率指数化 ························································10
2.工资指数化 ························································10
3.税收指数化· ·······················································10
五、结论·····································································10
参考文献·····································································12
内 容 摘 要
自古以来，伴随着社会经济的发展，我们总会遇到各种各样的经济问题。通货膨胀作为一个与市场经济一样古老的经济范畴，对于整个人类社会经济史都产生了重要影响，不同的国家和地区在经济发展过程中都遇到过类似的通货膨胀问题。通货膨胀是指在纸币流通的条件下由于货币供给过多而引发的货币贬值，物价全面、持续上涨的货币现象；是货币失衡的外在表现。而通货膨胀之所以令人恐惧，是因为它能显著改变人们的生活水准。鉴于通货膨胀对国民经济的不利影响和后果，严重的甚至会引起社会动荡、政局不稳，乃至国民经济的崩溃。因此，各国政府总是力图通过宏观的经济政策，财政政策等各种途径进行控制和干预，使通货膨胀保持在一个可以接受的水平。在经济飞速发展的今天，包括我国在内的一些国家都面临着通货膨胀的考验。那么，我们更应该正确认识通货膨胀及其成因，并借鉴历史上的应对方法来找到避免这一难题的途径。
关键词：通货膨胀 成因 影响 治理
